A good dog can be as much or better help than another rider or two—bringing up stragglers, keeping the herd together, rounding up a herd-quitter, getting cattle out of the brush or in terrain that may be difficult to get through on a horse.  When working by yourself, dogs can be invaluable, especially when moving a challenging group of cattle.  On a hot day, however, it’s important to make sure you don’t overwork your dogs.  Just like horses and humans, they may overheat when working hard.  Making sure they have adequate water during the job, and a chance to cool off now and then, can help avert dehydration and heat stroke.

Don Hatch, a stockman near Tendoy, Idaho, has always depended on good horses and good dogs to help handle cattle, since he is often moving cattle by himself.  “I’ve lost some really good dogs from heat exhaustion, moving cattle in hot weather.  Every time it’s happened, I’ve been moving cows by myself and overworking my dogs.  On some of this range country, it’s really steep.  The water sources are a long ways apart and there’s no shade; even the sagebrush is short,” he says. 

He moved to Idaho from Utah 20 years ago.  “I never had a problem with this in Utah, but up here I’ve killed 2 really good dogs,” says Hatch.  In steep country, and with cattle not wanting to move because of the heat, it’s easy to overwork your dogs because you are using them a lot.

“The first one I killed was the best dog I ever had.  He was the best help corralling cattle, in the corral, or out on the range.  When heat stress hits, it happens quick,” he says.  You may not realize the dog is in trouble until it’s almost too late.  But as soon as you see the first signs of a problem, if you can get the dog cooled off, you can save him. 

“It’s always happened to me in the heat of the day where there hasn’t been much shade—where the dogs weren’t able to get in some shade once in awhile, and a long ways between water.  If you get an hour or two from water, they can overheat and die,” he says.

“I saved one 2 years ago; he went into convulsions after working too hard.  I tried to load him on my horse, and the horse was young and spooky and wouldn’t let me do that.  So I took my shirt off to blindfold the horse, then loaded the dog on and climbed on too, and jerked the blindfold off.  I took that dog as fast as I could, about a mile and a half to a water trough, put the dog in the water and got him cooled off quick enough to save him.  The average person might not try that, but my dogs are very valuable to me and I wanted to save that dog!”

Whenever the temperature gets over 85 degrees, working cattle is hard on a dog.  They don’t sweat much except on the nose, and must cool themselves by panting—exchanging hot air from the lungs with cooler air.  If the air is hot, it’s harder to cool the body.  About the only way the dog can cool off is to find water and lie down in it.  If he gets thoroughly wet, there will be some continued cooling effect from evaporation for awhile as he works, until his hair dries again.

“The best advice I can give anyone is to pack water along.  Take a canteen, or bottles of water in your saddlebag, so that if a dog gets in trouble you can pour water over his head and mouth.  Give the dog a drink and wet him down.  If you’re working your dogs in an area with no water, stop once in awhile and dump a little in their mouth and on their head and rest them a few minutes.  This can help avoid problems.  Usually, however, I get too intent on what I’m doing and don’t worry about them enough until they’re in trouble.  In the past 20 years I’ve gotten dogs in trouble about 6 times, and twice it’s killed them.” 

Just as in humans, the dog’s body can only function within a narrow range of temperature.  If it gets too high, the brain is damaged.  “They start staggering and acting disoriented.  If you see that, you know you’ve got a serious problem,” he says.  Only fast action at that point can save the dog.

“If you’re out all day in the heat—and it seems like black dogs are the worst because they get hotter—and it’s up in the 80’s or 90’s, they will overheat if they keep working.  I had a couple dogs I’ve saved that went into convulsions; there was no water close enough to get them to, but I got them to stay right where they were, and lie in some shade.  The dogs were smart enough to know there was a problem and they stayed.  I left the cows and hurried home to get water.  The dogs were where I could drive with a truck that day, so I brought water in my truck because I could get back to them a lot quicker.  I got some water into them and was able to save the dogs,” says Hatch.

A tough cattle drive is easier on a dog if there are streams, mud bogs or water troughs along the way.  “Any place a dog can drink, and get into some water and get his belly in it and get cooled off, will really help.  I try to move cattle in the mornings, but sometimes it takes longer than you figure and you end up in the heat,” he says.

Michael Thomas, a rancher near Salmon, Idaho, also depends on dogs whenever he’s moving cattle, especially on the range.  The dogs were invaluable August 16, 2003 when he and his wife and father were desperately trying to get all the cattle out of their high range pasture ahead of a fire.  They wore out the horses and dogs but with 2-way radios (for constant communication regarding the fire’s progress and where the cattle were), they managed to save all their cattle—gathering them in 3 hours out of a large, rugged area that usually takes 2 or 3 days. That day there was no time to rest the dogs or worry about water, but they were lucky.  It was not extremely hot.

As a general rule Thomas feels fortunate that most of his range has shade, and not very long distances between water.  “We’ve had some days moving cattle that if we hadn’t gotten to a trough or a creek when we did, our dogs would have been in trouble,” he says.

“We always try to take time when we get to a water source to stop, rest the cattle, and let the dogs get a drink and get wet.  With the stock troughs you sometimes have to teach dogs to get in them, especially the young ones—if they haven’t been in a trough before.  Sometimes they’re timid because when they get up on the side of it and look down in there they are afraid to jump in.  The first few times, I get off my horse and lift the young dogs in, so they can get a drink and get completely wet.  If you do that every time you pass a trough, when the weather is hot, they won’t get into trouble,” says Thomas

A dog working hard in hot weather needs to drink every chance it gets, because it will dehydrate just from water loss via panting while trying to stay cool.  “If it’s real hot and you can’t avoid working cows that day, you have to always keep in the back of your mind to try to not overdo them.  It’s easy to overwork dogs before you know it,” he says. 

“A few years ago we had a couple young dogs that went along with us to learn the job.  One day we were down in the low country in July gathering cattle that had gotten through the fence into a neighbor’s place that had a lot of gates open--going clear down to the highway.  On the long drive back up to the range pasture, the young dogs were falling behind and trying to crawl under any little sagebrush for shade, and even trying to get under our horses.  By the time you realize they are too hot, you definitely have to stop and give them a break.  The 3 dogs that had been going every day with us were ok, but the young ones that hadn’t been going every day were in trouble,” he explains. 

“We slowed everything down, stopped periodically, but even after they recovered, it was short term.  We couldn’t go very far without having to let them rest again.  We finally got to a creek where they could drink.  Once they got some water (and were rehydrated and cooled off), they were able to go on home just fine.  But from the point we realized they were in trouble, we had to consciously make stops, for them.”

It helps if a dog is in good physical shape and not carrying much fat by the time the weather gets really hot.  “We are lucky that our first range pasture is fairly close to the ranch, relatively small, not very steep, and we’re not riding all day long when we move cattle there.  Even some of the older, experienced dogs are not in great shape in the spring.  They do need to get in condition.  Overweight dogs have a lot more trouble with heat,” explains Thomas.

Long hair is another factor.  “In a hot climate you may want to consider a short-haired dog.  Some people clip their dogs.  I’ve seen some really hairy dogs that are shaved,” he says.  Even though dogs don’t sweat, they still radiate body heat (heat loss into the air, if it’s cooler than body temperature), and a thick hair coat holds in heat.

“Every time you come to a mud hole or water trough where the dogs get wet, they lie in it.  If you clip the long hair they won’t be packing around so much extra weight of mud and foreign material.  The mud dries out and acts as an insulator to hold in body heat, too.  There’s a type of crossbred curly dog here in our valley that has a lot of thick hair, and almost everyone who has those dogs shaves them in summer,” he says.

“Our dogs, by the time we get into the worst heat of July and August, are lean and trim enough that if we just pay attention to hitting every water source we can, not pushing them too hard, we can usually get along fine.  But our pastures are unusual in that we have a lot of water.  On the other side of the valley where we lease another range, there is a severe shortage of water and it’s open country; vegetation/brush is short and there isn’t much shade.  It’s a lot tougher on dogs.  We try to ride really early in the morning and be out of there by mid-day—for the sake of dogs, horses and people.  It’s several hours between water sources, and some days, even though you start early in the morning with best intentions, you may get into trouble and not be done before it’s really hot.”  Sometimes you think it’s going to be a routine check, but find something important you have to deal with, that takes longer.  All of a sudden it’s mid afternoon and 95 degrees.

On a day you know you’ll have a long cattle drive, it’s important to start early (for the sake of the cattle, horses and dogs), even at the expense of other chores and ranch work, so you might be on your way home by the time it’s very hot.  “A dog can travel a long ways in the heat, at the speed of your horse walking.  But when working cattle they expend a lot more energy and more apt to become dehydrated and stressed.”

He’s had both long-haired (border collie crosses) and short haired (blue heelers).  “One thing that helps is that we use our dogs so much that by the time the weather is hot the dogs are not fat.  They go all the time.  It helps if a dog is never overweight.  We have a few that don’t go all the time (including some older semi-retired dogs) and they may join up with us voluntarily if we’re moving cattle within sight or hearing of our house.  They may hear us and come along.  They’re the ones that have the most trouble if we’re out there all day.  My suggestion to anyone who finds themselves out there with a fat dog is to be really careful.  That’s the dog you’ll need to keep an eye on.  If it’s a long day and you are committed to getting the cattle moved without being able to go home, that’s the dog you may end up packing home on your horse,” says Thomas.

A dog has less body mass (to dissipate heat from) than a horse and an in-shape dog can usually stay cool enough if he can keep drinking.  “A good dog that’s doing his job will generally go 10 times farther than your horse does in the average day,” says Thomas.  You may be riding only 5 to 10 miles, but if the dog is helping you move cattle he’s going back and forth behind the stragglers or coming and going as you send him certain directions, traveling farther and faster than you are on your horse. 

“You want a well-trained dog that only does what you tell him to do, so he’s not overworking himself.  You also need to be conscientious about your use of the dogs.  They often don’t need to be working all the time unless it’s one of those days when it’s tough getting the cattle to move.  Some days the cattle move easy and the dog doesn’t have to work very hard, but other days you get into circumstances where cattle want to brush up or don’t know the country and you have to drive them all the time—and that’s when dogs may get overworked.  Some days you just have to stop and let the dogs rest.  The most important thing is awareness.  Pace the dogs, if you can.  If you can periodically give them time to rest and have a good drink, they’ll be fine,” he says.

If a dog starts to suffer heat stress and becomes disoriented, staggering or having convulsions, it’s imperative to cool him quickly.  Wetting him down with cool water is probably the best thing to do, if you can.  Be a little careful if water is ice cold; cooling him TOO much can also be risky.  Taking him to a very cold stream and immersing him, for instance, might not be best.

“In our area, the streams are small and not ice cold, especially by July or August when weather is apt to be hottest.  In May or June, however, streams are colder if the water is coming right off a snowbank.  And you could run into trouble that early in the year if your dogs are really out of shape.  It’s probably best to avoid extreme cold.  Any water that is cooler than the dog will probably be effective,” says Thomas. 

“When a dog is really in trouble, you need to give him water to drink and get him cool.  It’s better to see the early subtle signs and stop before he gets in trouble.  Out in the open where there’s no shade you may not see the signs as readily because there’s no shade for dogs to get into.  If you stop traveling, however, you’ll find them crawling under your horse for that little bit of shade.  This is always a clue to pay attention to.  A good dog may travel right behind your horse, but it’s very unusual for a dog that knows his business to try to get under your horse.  If he does that, he’s desperate for shade.  Another clue, if a dog is usually very energetic and exuberant and suddenly wants to lie down all the time, he’s on the edge.  If you see him lying down, it’s time to stop.  Or if he’s usually right with you and is now back down the trail a ways lying down, you’d better pay attention.”